The first dehydration and the competing reaction pathways of glucose homogeneously and heterogeneously catalyzed by acids
Literature Information
David Lee Phillips
The dehydration mechanisms for glucose in β-pyranose (BP) and in open-chain (OC) forms, catalyzed by acids homogeneously and heterogeneously, were investigated using density functional and two-layer ONIOM calculations. The first dehydration reaction and competing reaction pathways are the main focus of the present study. The energetics of five dehydration and two isomerization pathways were examined for the protonated form of BP in acidic aqueous solutions and the most favorable pathway of these was found to be the dehydration at the anomeric site. No dehydration pathway of OC glucose is favored over its isomerization to BP or to fructose. The relative ease of dehydration over isomerization depends on the selection of the reaction media for the protonated form of BP. These two reaction pathways catalyzed by a surface Brönsted acid site were then examined and the isomerization pathway was found to be more favorable than dehydration at the anomeric site on a surface acid site. These mechanistic insights provide an important guide for the catalyst design/selection of the reaction media for glucose dehydration.
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Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics (PCCP) is an international journal co-owned by 19 physical chemistry and physics societies from around the world. This journal publishes original, cutting-edge research in physical chemistry, chemical physics and biophysical chemistry. To be suitable for publication in PCCP, articles must include significant innovation and/or insight into physical chemistry; this is the most important criterion that reviewers and Editors will judge against when evaluating submissions. The journal has a broad scope and welcomes contributions spanning experiment, theory, computation and data science. Topical coverage includes spectroscopy, dynamics, kinetics, statistical mechanics, thermodynamics, electrochemistry, catalysis, surface science, quantum mechanics, quantum computing and machine learning. Interdisciplinary research areas such as polymers and soft matter, materials, nanoscience, energy, surfaces/interfaces, and biophysical chemistry are welcomed if they demonstrate significant innovation and/or insight into physical chemistry. Joined experimental/theoretical studies are particularly appreciated when complementary and based on up-to-date approaches.












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