Extraction of gold from alkaline cyanide solution by the tetradecyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride/tri-n-butyl phosphate/n-heptane system based on a microemulsion mechanism

Literature Information

Publication Date 2002-08-09
DOI 10.1039/B203467K
Impact Factor 3.676
Authors

Jianzhun Jiang, Xiangyun Wang, Weijin Zhou, Hongcheng Gao, Jinguang Wu


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Abstract

The mechanism of extraction of gold by tetradecyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride (TDMBAC)/tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP)/n-heptane solution from an aqueous alkaline cyanide solution was studied by means of extraction equilibrium, Karl Fischer titration, electrical conductivity, FTIR spectroscopy and dynamic laser scattering (DLS). When the gold concentration is lower than 3 g L−1 and the volume percentage of TBP is less than 10%, the plots of the extraction percentage of gold against the molar ratio of [TDMBA+] to [Au(CN)2−] and logD–log[TBP](o) plot indicated that the stoichiometry of the extracted species is a 1 ∶ 1 ∶ 4 complex, TDMBA+ ∶ Au(CN)2− ∶ TBP. Karl Fischer titration showed that 4 H2O molecules participate in the formation of such a species. Electrical conductivity measurements confirmed its ionic character. Fourier self-deconvolution of the O–H stretching bands revealed 4 different kinds of water molecules contained in the organic phase, some of which were bound to TBP via hydrogen bonding. A supramolecule [TDMBA+] · [Au(CN)2−] · 4H2O · 4TBP is proposed for the extracted species. Two TBP molecules are bound to [Au(CN)2−] by two H2O bridges through hydrogen bonding, forming a [(RO)3PO⋯H–O–H⋯NC–Au–CN⋯H–O–H⋯O = P(OR)3]− moiety. Two hydrated TBP molecules, (RO)3PO⋯H–O–H, surround [TDMBA+] by ion–dipole interaction. The bulky anion and cation form a lipophilic supramolecule. The possible structure of the supramolecular anion was calculated with an ab initio molecular orbital (MO) method. The DLS study showed that mixing of TDMBAC and Au(CN)2− in the aqueous phase led to the formation of micelles. When an organic phase containing TBP was added to this aqueous phase, the complexes transferred into the organic phase and reversed micelles or a microemulsion (W/O) were formed when the gold concentration reached a certain limiting value.

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Source Journal

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics
CiteScore: 5.5
Self-citation Rate: 10.3%
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Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics (PCCP) is an international journal co-owned by 19 physical chemistry and physics societies from around the world. This journal publishes original, cutting-edge research in physical chemistry, chemical physics and biophysical chemistry. To be suitable for publication in PCCP, articles must include significant innovation and/or insight into physical chemistry; this is the most important criterion that reviewers and Editors will judge against when evaluating submissions. The journal has a broad scope and welcomes contributions spanning experiment, theory, computation and data science. Topical coverage includes spectroscopy, dynamics, kinetics, statistical mechanics, thermodynamics, electrochemistry, catalysis, surface science, quantum mechanics, quantum computing and machine learning. Interdisciplinary research areas such as polymers and soft matter, materials, nanoscience, energy, surfaces/interfaces, and biophysical chemistry are welcomed if they demonstrate significant innovation and/or insight into physical chemistry. Joined experimental/theoretical studies are particularly appreciated when complementary and based on up-to-date approaches.

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