Film morphology evolution during solvent vapor annealing of highly efficient small molecule donor/acceptor blends

Literature Information

Publication Date 2016-09-15
DOI 10.1039/C6TA05056E
Impact Factor 12.732
Authors

Sebastian Engmann, Hyun Wook Ro, Andrew Herzing, Chad R. Snyder, Lee J. Richter, Paul B. Geraghty, David J. Jones


View Original

Abstract

Solution-processable small molecule photovoltaics based on the novel molecular donor, benzodithiophene terthiophene rhodanine (BTR), recently have shown maximum power conversion efficiencies above 8% for active layer thicknesses up to 400 nm, using post process solvent vapor annealing (SVA) with tetrahydrofuran (THF). Here we report an in situ study on the morphology evolution during SVA using the moderate solvent THF and the good solvent chloroform (CF). The combination of real-time grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXD) and grazing incidence small angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) allows us to draw a complete picture of the evolution of crystallinity and phase purity during post process annealing. We find that the relative crystallinity compared to the as-cast films is only modestly affected by SVA and solvent choice. However, both the phase purity and the characteristic domain sizes within the film vary significantly and are controlled by the solvent quality as well as exposure time. Using THF, films with high phase purity and desirable characteristic length scales of about 30 nm can be achieved, while the use of CF rapidly leads to excessive film coarsening and less preferable domain sizes on the order of 60 nm, too large for optimized charge separation.

Related Literature

Poly(vinylidene fluoride)-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes for the preparation of composites with improved conductivity

Radovan Vukićević, Ivana Vukovic, Hristiyan Stoyanov, Andreas Korwitz, Doris Pospiech, Guggi Kofod, Katja Loos, Gerrit ten Brinke, Sabine Beuermann

2012-05-16 Paper

DOI: 10.1039/C2PY20166F

Three new conjugated polymers based on benzo[2,1-b:3,4-b′]dithiophene: synthesis, characterization, photoinduced charge transfer and theoretical calculation studies

Shaojie Chen, Qiuyu Zhang, Hepeng Zhang, Junwei Gu, Mingliang Ma, Tiejun Xin, Yanyang Zhou, Jian Zhou, Qing Liu

2012-06-07 Paper

DOI: 10.1039/C2PY20122D

Investigation of glycopolymer–lectin interactions using QCM-d: comparison of surface binding with inhibitory activity

Yanzi Gou, Sarah-Jane Richards, David M. Haddleton, Matthew I. Gibson

2012-04-27 Paper

DOI: 10.1039/C2PY20140B

Front cover

Cover

DOI: 10.1039/C2PY90004A

Highly sensitive detection of DNA-binding proteins based on a cationic conjugated polymervia a target-mediated fluorescence resonance energy transfer (TMFRET) strategy

Xingfen Liu, Lan Ouyang, Yanqin Huang, Xiaomiao Feng, Quli Fan, Wei Huang

2012-01-17 Paper

DOI: 10.1039/C2PY00499B

Glycopolymer–peptidebioconjugates with antioxidant activity via RAFT polymerization

Haiting Shi, Li Liu, Xiaobei Wang, Jingyi Li

2012-02-29 Paper

DOI: 10.1039/C2PY20021J

Synthesis by nitroxide-mediated aqueous dispersion polymerization, characterization, and physical core-crosslinking of pH- and thermoresponsive dynamic diblock copolymer micelles

Guillaume Delaittre, Maud Save, Marianne Gaborieau, Patrice Castignolles, Jutta Rieger, Bernadette Charleux

2012-04-17 Paper

DOI: 10.1039/C2PY20084H

You might also like

Compound Q&A

Are there alternatives to 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-N-hydroxymethanimine (CAS: 3848-36-0) in synthesis?

When considering alternatives to 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-N-hydroxymethanimine (CAS: 3...

3848-36-01-(4-Chlorophenyl)-N...
Compound Q&A

How is 3-(4-Bromophenyl)-5-(2-fluorophenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole (CAS: 419553-16-5) typically synthesized?

3-(4-Bromophenyl)-5-(2-fluorophenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole is synthesized through a m...

419553-16-53-(4-Bromophenyl)-5-...
Compound Q&A

How is 5-Chloro-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-methyl-6-[3-(1-piperidinyl)propoxy]pyrimidine (CAS: 1639220-19-1) typically synthesized?

5-Chloro-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-methyl-6-[3-(1-piperidinyl)propoxy]pyrimidine (CAS...

1639220-19-15-Chloro-2-(4-chloro...
Compound Q&A

What industries use 2-Chloro-4-(difluoromethoxy)pyridine (CAS: 1206978-15-5)?

2-Chloro-4-(difluoromethoxy)pyridine is used in the pharmaceutical industry for ...

1206978-15-52-Chloro-4-(difluoro...
Compound Q&A

What regulatory guidelines apply to 3-Chloro-6-methylpyridazine (CAS: 1121-79-5)?

3-Chloro-6-methylpyridazine (CAS: 1121-79-5) is classified under the Globally Ha...

1121-79-53-Chloro-6-methylpyr...
Compound Q&A

Are there alternatives to Methyl 4,5-dimethyl-2-nitrobenzoate in synthesis?

Several alternatives can be used in the synthesis of Methyl 4,5-dimethyl-2-nitro...

90922-74-0Methyl 4,5-dimethyl-...
Compound Q&A

Are there alternatives to (2E,2'E)-3,3'-(1,4-Phenylene)bisacrylaldehyde in synthesis?

Alternatives to (2E,2'E)-3,3'-(1,4-Phenylene)bisacrylaldehyde include other acry...

63405-68-5(2E,2'E)-3,3'-(1,4-P...
Compound Q&A

What is 3-Amino-5-chloropyridin-2-ol hydrochloride (CAS: 1261906-29-9)?

3-Amino-5-chloropyridin-2-ol hydrochloride is an organic compound with the CAS n...

1261906-29-93-Amino-5-chloropyri...
Compound Q&A

What precautions should be taken when handling 6,7-Difluoro-2,3-dihydro-4H-chromen-4-one (CAS: 1092349-93-3)?

When handling 6,7-Difluoro-2,3-dihydro-4H-chromen-4-one, it is essential to wear...

1092349-93-36,7-Difluoro-2,3-dih...

Source Journal

Journal of Materials Chemistry A

Journal of Materials Chemistry A
CiteScore: 19.5
Self-citation Rate: 4.7%
Articles per Year: 2211

Journal of Materials Chemistry A, B & C cover high quality studies across all fields of materials chemistry. The journals focus on those theoretical or experimental studies that report new understanding, applications, properties and synthesis of materials. The journals have a strong history of publishing quality reports of interest to interdisciplinary communities and providing an efficient and rigorous service through peer review and publication. The journals are led by an international team of Editors-in-Chief and Associate Editors who are all active researchers in their fields. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, B & C are separated by the intended application of the material studied. Broadly, applications in energy and sustainability are of interest to Journal of Materials Chemistry A, applications in biology and medicine are of interest to Journal of Materials Chemistry B, and applications in optical, magnetic and electronic devices are of interest to Journal of Materials Chemistry C. More than one Journal of Materials Chemistry journal may be suitable for certain fields and researchers are encouraged to submit their paper to the journal that they feel best fits for their particular article. Example topic areas within the scope of Journal of Materials Chemistry A are listed below. This list is neither exhaustive nor exclusive. Artificial photosynthesis Batteries Carbon dioxide conversion Catalysis Fuel cells Gas capture/separation/storage Green/sustainable materials Hydrogen generation Hydrogen storage Photocatalysis Photovoltaics Self-cleaning materials Self-healing materials Sensors Supercapacitors Thermoelectrics Water splitting Water treatment

Recommended Compounds

Recommended Suppliers

Disclaimer
This page provides academic journal information for reference and research purposes only. We are not affiliated with any journal publishers and do not handle publication submissions. For publication-related inquiries, please contact the respective journal publishers directly.
If you notice any inaccuracies in the information displayed, please contact us at support@chemtradehub.com. We will promptly review and address your concerns.