Synthesis and spectral measurements of sulphonated graphene: some anomalous observations

Literature Information

Publication Date 2016-02-04
DOI 10.1039/C5CP05799J
Impact Factor 3.676
Authors

Susmita Maiti, Somashree Kundu, Debasmita Ghosh, Somrita Mondal, Chandra Nath Roy, Abhijit Saha


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Abstract

The present report demonstrates how a sulphonation process, a key route for synthesizing water soluble graphene, can influence the optical behavior of precursor graphene oxide, intermediate reaction products and sulphonated graphene. We observed that there is constant emission maximum at 500 nm for graphene oxide in the excitation range of 320–450 nm. During sulphonation, sulphonated reduced graphene oxide (rGO-SO3H) is initially formed which has an emission at 358 nm. However, the reduction of oxygen containing groups in rGO-SO3H with hydrazine hydrate leading to the formation of SG caused a shift in the emission to 430 nm, which has been attributed to the extended delocalization of π-electrons involving the phenyl sulphonate group. In the present investigation, we have identified many existing anomalies in the important spectral features of these materials, such as violation of Kasha's rule on fluorescence and pH dependence emission. Furthermore, it has also been shown that proper care is necessary to be taken in monitoring the fluorescence of sulphonated graphene in view of possible interference from the components produced during sulphonation.

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Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics
CiteScore: 5.5
Self-citation Rate: 10.3%
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Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics (PCCP) is an international journal co-owned by 19 physical chemistry and physics societies from around the world. This journal publishes original, cutting-edge research in physical chemistry, chemical physics and biophysical chemistry. To be suitable for publication in PCCP, articles must include significant innovation and/or insight into physical chemistry; this is the most important criterion that reviewers and Editors will judge against when evaluating submissions. The journal has a broad scope and welcomes contributions spanning experiment, theory, computation and data science. Topical coverage includes spectroscopy, dynamics, kinetics, statistical mechanics, thermodynamics, electrochemistry, catalysis, surface science, quantum mechanics, quantum computing and machine learning. Interdisciplinary research areas such as polymers and soft matter, materials, nanoscience, energy, surfaces/interfaces, and biophysical chemistry are welcomed if they demonstrate significant innovation and/or insight into physical chemistry. Joined experimental/theoretical studies are particularly appreciated when complementary and based on up-to-date approaches.

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