Mixing ionic liquids – “simple mixtures” or “double salts”?

Literature Information

Publication Date 2014-01-21
DOI 10.1039/C3GC41389F
Impact Factor 10.182
Authors

Gregory Chatel, Jorge F. B. Pereira, Varun Debbeti, Hui Wang, Robin D. Rogers


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Abstract

In the third issue of the then new journal Green Chemistry (2001, 3, 156–164), we published our first paper describing the physical properties of a few hydrophilic and hydrophobic ionic liquids (ILs) representing one of the first such studies to be published. To help celebrate the 15th anniversary of the Journal, we revisit the ‘design’ aspect of ILs by reviewing the growing area of what most are calling ‘ionic liquid mixtures’. In 2001, designing IL properties meant essentially independent variation or synthesis of the cations and anions and determining what physical or chemical properties these liquid salts possessed. Recently, however, the mixing of ILs has been proposed and investigated as a way to add increased scope to the accessible properties of IL media. In this review, we question whether the same thinking and approach used for organic solvent mixtures should be applied to ILs simply because of the way they were made. Unlike organic solvent mixtures, IL compositions of varied ions, do not retain their individual nature, need not be made by simple mixing of two-ion salts, and preferential interactions of a given cation for a given anion are possible in these 3-ion, 4-ion, or higher order liquids. When two ILs are mixed together, one can't identify which ion is from which IL, and the chemistry is simply not based on the identity of the individual ILs, but on the ions comprising them and the interactions of each individual ion, independently of the counterion. Thus, we ask if it would not be better to consider these as unique ion combinations whose solvent properties are derived from the specific choice and abundance of each ion in the system. Through this review of the available literature, we support the concept of Double Salt Ionic Liquids (DSILs) and discuss the interactions involved in these systems, by examining their physicochemical properties and the novel applications they offer.

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Source Journal

Green Chemistry

Green Chemistry
CiteScore: 16.1
Self-citation Rate: 7.5%
Articles per Year: 944

Green Chemistry provides a unique forum for the publication of innovative research on the development of alternative green and sustainable technologies. The scope of Green Chemistry is based on, but not limited to, the definition proposed by Anastas and Warner (Green Chemistry: Theory and Practice, P T Anastas and J C Warner, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1998). Green chemistry is the utilisation of a set of principles that reduces or eliminates the use or generation of hazardous substances in the design, manufacture and application of chemical products. Green Chemistry is at the frontiers of this continuously-evolving interdisciplinary science and publishes research that attempts to reduce the environmental impact of the chemical enterprise by developing a technology base that is inherently non-toxic to living things and the environment. Submissions on all aspects of research relating to the endeavour are welcome. The journal publishes original and significant cutting-edge research that is likely to be of wide general appeal. To be published, work must present a significant advance in green chemistry. Papers must contain a comparison with existing methods and demonstrate advantages over those methods before publication can be considered. For more information please see this Editorial. Coverage includes the following, but is not limited to: Design (e.g. biomimicry, design for degradation/recycling/reduced toxicity…) Reagents & Feedstocks (e.g. renewables, CO2, solvents, auxiliary agents, waste utilization…) Synthesis (e.g. organic, inorganic, synthetic biology…) Catalysis (e.g. homogeneous, heterogeneous, enzyme, whole cell…) Process (e.g. process design, intensification, separations, recycling, efficiency…) Energy (e.g. renewable energy, fuels, photovoltaics, fuel cells, energy storage, energy carriers…) Applications (e.g. electronics, dyes, consumer products, coatings, pharmaceuticals, preservatives, building materials, chemicals for industry/agriculture/mining…) Impact (e.g. safety, metrics, LCA, sustainability, (eco)toxicology…) Green chemistry is, by definition, a continuously-evolving frontier. Therefore, the inclusion of a particular material or technology does not, of itself, guarantee that a paper is suitable for the journal. To be suitable, the novel advance should have the potential for reduced environmental impact relative to the state of the art. Green Chemistry does not normally deal with research associated with 'end-of-pipe' or remediation issues.

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