Surface freezing in liquid Ga–Bi alloys: optical second harmonic and plasma generation study

Literature Information

Publication Date 2002-01-18
DOI 10.1039/B107478B
Impact Factor 3.676
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Abstract

The phenomenon of surface freezing has been studied by second harmonic and plasma generation measurements in the entire composition range of liquid Ga–Bi alloys. Surface freezing was observed for the first time for all alloys with compositions between the eutectic (xBi = 0.0022, Teut = 29.48 °C) and monotectic point (xBi = 0.085, Tmono = 222 °C). On cooling of such alloys a Bi-rich solid-like film forms on top of the bulk liquid phase at temperatures well above the liquidus line. On melting of these films a clear hysteresis behaviour is found, characterizing this type of transition as a first order phase transition. The maximum difference of 20 K between the liquidus temperature and the melting temperature of the surface freezing films was observed for the eutectic alloy. The line of surface freezing temperatures merges with the liquidus approaching the monotectic point. An estimate of the thickness of the Bi-rich surface freezing films from the interfacial free energies yields a value of the order of 10 nm. The correlation of the surface freezing and wetting transition occurring in the Ga–Bi system as well as the thermodynamics of surface freezing are qualitatively discussed.

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Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics
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Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics (PCCP) is an international journal co-owned by 19 physical chemistry and physics societies from around the world. This journal publishes original, cutting-edge research in physical chemistry, chemical physics and biophysical chemistry. To be suitable for publication in PCCP, articles must include significant innovation and/or insight into physical chemistry; this is the most important criterion that reviewers and Editors will judge against when evaluating submissions. The journal has a broad scope and welcomes contributions spanning experiment, theory, computation and data science. Topical coverage includes spectroscopy, dynamics, kinetics, statistical mechanics, thermodynamics, electrochemistry, catalysis, surface science, quantum mechanics, quantum computing and machine learning. Interdisciplinary research areas such as polymers and soft matter, materials, nanoscience, energy, surfaces/interfaces, and biophysical chemistry are welcomed if they demonstrate significant innovation and/or insight into physical chemistry. Joined experimental/theoretical studies are particularly appreciated when complementary and based on up-to-date approaches.

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