How is Norfloxacin lactate (CAS: 97867-34-0) typically synthesized?

Norfloxacin lactate is synthesized through a multi-step process involving acylation, ring formation, and lactonization. The key steps include the use of 1-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-(piperazin-1-yl)-2-propanol as the starting material, followed by acylation with 3-nitrobenzoyl chloride. This process yields Norfloxacin, which is then converted to its lactate salt using lactic acid as the reagent.