How is (2S)-2-({[(9H-fluoren-9-yl)methoxy]carbonyl}amino)-3-(2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid (CAS: 1290040-14-0) typically synthesized?

The compound is typically synthesized via a multi-step synthesis involving the formation of an amide through the coupling of a fluoren-9-yl methoxy carbonyl derivative with an indole-3-carboxylic acid. The use of appropriate catalysts such as HATU (O-(7-azabenzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N',N'-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate) and a base like DIPEA (N,N-diisopropylethylamine) is crucial for achieving high selectivity and yield. The final product is purified by recrystallization or HPLC.