Large-fused-ring-based D–A type electrochromic polymer with magenta/yellowish green/cyan three-color transitions

Large-fused-ring-based conjugated polymers possess wide application prospects in optoelectronic devices due to their high charge transport and wide optical absorption. In this paper, three low-bandgap donor–acceptor (D–A) type polymers PBIT-X (X = 1, 2, 3) based on alkylated benzodithiophene and tris(thienothiophene) as donors and thiadiazol–quinoxaline as an acceptor were synthesized via Stille coupling polymerization at different (donor/acceptor) D/A molar feed ratios. The band gaps of PBIT-1, PBIT-2, PBIT-3 were 1.10 eV, 1.04 eV and 1.02 eV, respectively. Spectroelectrochemistry studies showed that the three D–A type polymers have dual bands located in visible and near-infrared regions in the neutral state. The three D–A type polymers possess good electrochromic properties, such as an optical contrast of 56% and response time of 0.3 s. In particular, PBIT-3 could achieve three color changes from magenta to yellowish green to cyan during the oxidation process. The results indicate that these D–A type conjugated polymers based on large fused-ring units exhibit multiple color changes, endowing them with huge potential applications in visible and near-infrared electrochromic devices.