Low-cost green synthesis of zinc sponge for rechargeable, sustainable batteries

Literature Information

Publication Date 2020-05-07
DOI 10.1039/D0SE00562B
Impact Factor 6.367
Authors

Brandon J. Hopkins, Christopher N. Chervin, Megan B. Sassin, Jeffrey W. Long, Debra R. Rolison, Joseph F. Parker


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Abstract

Policy makers and consumers push for sustainable batteries that rely on abundant, recyclable materials with accessible, stable supply chains. Growing concerns over lithium-ion battery safety, recyclability, and reliance on shrinking cobalt reserves prompt efforts to advance alternative chemistries. To identify promising candidates, we review supply-risk data and the abundance of battery-relevant elements in the Earth's upper continental crust. We find that of the rechargeable-battery chemistries that rely on abundant low-risk elements, zinc (Zn) batteries, namely Zn–MnO2 and Zn–air, are the lowest cost and most energy dense. Guided by this analysis, we advance Zn batteries by reporting a green synthesis that dramatically lowers the cost and boosts the performance of rechargeable Zn-sponge electrodes. We test these electrode architectures in Zn–air cells and demonstrate a 3200% increase in rechargeable areal capacity over the majority of previously reported studies.

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