Synthesis and scale-up of water-soluble quaternary cationic monomers in a continuous flow system
Literature Information
Zheng Fang, Yuhang Yang, Jiajia Gu, Zhao Yang, Feiyang Dai, Haoliang Zheng, Wei He, Chengkou Liu, Ning Zhu
A continuous flow technology was developed for the synthesis and scale-up of water-soluble quaternary cationic monomers represented by dimethyldiallylammonium chloride (DMDAAC) in a self-designed reactor. For industrial applications, static mixers were employed in a self-designed scaled-up reactor to maintain the mass and heat transfer rates from microfluidics to mesofluidics during the scale-up. Three different types of static mixers were investigated, and their optimal combination was determined. Various factors including the reaction temperature, fluid rate, and reagent concentration were also investigated in detail. This work increased the yield up to 92% under optimal conditions with an output of one kiloton per year. Moreover, this proposed method exhibited excellent performance in the synthesis and scale-up of other water-soluble quaternary cationic monomers in a continuous flow system.
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Reaction Chemistry & Engineering

Reaction Chemistry & Engineering is an interdisciplinary journal reporting cutting-edge research focused on enhancing the understanding and efficiency of reactions. Reaction engineering leverages the interface where fundamental molecular chemistry meets chemical engineering and technology. Challenges in chemistry can be overcome by the application of new technologies, while engineers may find improved solutions for process development from the latest developments in reaction chemistry. Reaction Chemistry & Engineering is a unique forum for researchers whose interests span the broad areas of chemical engineering and chemical sciences to come together in solving problems of importance to wider society. All papers should be written to be approachable by readers across the engineering and chemical sciences. Papers that consider multiple scales, from the laboratory up to and including plant scale, are particularly encouraged.














