Ab initio study of Li, Mg and Al insertion into rutile VO2: fast diffusion and enhanced voltages for multivalent batteries
Literature Information
Vadym V. Kulish, Daniel Koch, Sergei Manzhos
Vanadium oxides are among the most promising materials that can be used as electrodes in rechargeable metal-ion batteries. In this work, we systematically investigate thermodynamic, electronic, and kinetic properties associated with the insertion of Li, Mg and Al atoms into rutile VO2. Using first-principles calculations, we systematically study the structural evolution and voltage curves of LixVO2, MgxVO2 and AlxVO2 (0 < x < 1) compounds. The calculated lithium intercalation voltage starts at 3.50 V for single-atom insertion and decreases to 2.23 V for full lithiation, to the LiVO2 compound, which agrees well with the experimental results. The Mg insertion features a plateau about 1.6 V up to Mg0.5VO2 and then another plateau-like region at around 0.5 V up to Mg1VO2. The predicted voltage curve for Al insertion starts at 1.98 V, followed by two plateaus at 1.48 V and 1.17 V. The diffusion barrier of Li, Mg and Al in the tunnel structure of VO2 is 0.06, 0.33 and 0.50 eV, respectively. The demonstrated excellent Li, Mg and Al mobility, high structural stability and high specific capacity suggest promising potential of rutile VO2 electrodes especially for multivalent batteries.
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Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics (PCCP) is an international journal co-owned by 19 physical chemistry and physics societies from around the world. This journal publishes original, cutting-edge research in physical chemistry, chemical physics and biophysical chemistry. To be suitable for publication in PCCP, articles must include significant innovation and/or insight into physical chemistry; this is the most important criterion that reviewers and Editors will judge against when evaluating submissions. The journal has a broad scope and welcomes contributions spanning experiment, theory, computation and data science. Topical coverage includes spectroscopy, dynamics, kinetics, statistical mechanics, thermodynamics, electrochemistry, catalysis, surface science, quantum mechanics, quantum computing and machine learning. Interdisciplinary research areas such as polymers and soft matter, materials, nanoscience, energy, surfaces/interfaces, and biophysical chemistry are welcomed if they demonstrate significant innovation and/or insight into physical chemistry. Joined experimental/theoretical studies are particularly appreciated when complementary and based on up-to-date approaches.

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![Methyl 2-[5-(3-Phenoxyphenyl)-2H-tetrazol-2-yl]acetate structure Methyl 2-[5-(3-Phenoxyphenyl)-2H-tetrazol-2-yl]acetate structure](https://static.chemtradehub.com/structs/130/1305320-60-8-84b4.webp)

![(3R,4aR,7aS,9aR,10S,11R,13aR,13bS,15aS,15bR)-3,11-Dihydroxy-10-(hydroxymethyl)-4,4,7a,10,13a,15b-hexamethyl-1,2,3,4,4a,7,7a,8,9,9a,10,11,12,13,13a,13b,14,15,15a,15b-icosahydro-5H-naphtho[2',1':4,5]cyc
lohepta[1,2-a]naphthalen-5-one structure (3R,4aR,7aS,9aR,10S,11R,13aR,13bS,15aS,15bR)-3,11-Dihydroxy-10-(hydroxymethyl)-4,4,7a,10,13a,15b-hexamethyl-1,2,3,4,4a,7,7a,8,9,9a,10,11,12,13,13a,13b,14,15,15a,15b-icosahydro-5H-naphtho[2',1':4,5]cyc
lohepta[1,2-a]naphthalen-5-one structure](https://static.chemtradehub.com/structs/538/53800-21-8-9f18.webp)