Enzymatic synthesis of hyaluronic acid vinyl esters for two-photon microfabrication of biocompatible and biodegradable hydrogel constructs
Literature Information
Xiao-Hua Qin, Peter Gruber, Marica Markovic, Birgit Plochberger, Enrico Klotzsch, Jürgen Stampfl, Aleksandr Ovsianikov, Robert Liska
Two-photon polymerization (2PP) allows 3D microfabrication of biomaterial scaffolds with user-defined geometry. This technique is highly promising for 3D cell culture and tissue engineering. However, biological applications of 2PP require photopolymerizable hydrogels with high reactivity and low cytotoxicity. This paper describes a novel hydrogel system based on hyaluronic acid vinyl esters (HA-VE), which enabled fast 2PP-fabrication of 3D hydrogel constructs with μm-scale accuracy. A series of HA-VE macromers with tunable degrees of substitution were synthesized by lipase-catalyzed transesterification. HA-VE gels were proved to be injectable, photocurable, enzymatically degradable and mechanically comparable to various soft tissues. Owing to the unique molecular design, degradation products of HA-VE gels through hydrolysis are non-toxic polyvinyl alcohol and adipic acid. Furthermore, HA-VE gels were systematically characterized and compared to HA-acrylates (HA-AC) and HA-methacrylates (HA-MA) gels including macromer cytotoxicity, photoreactivity, swelling, and gel stiffness. Cytotoxicity assay with L929 fibroblasts revealed that HA-VE was significantly less toxic than HA-AC (P < 0.01) and HA-MA (P < 0.05). Crosslinking efficiency of HA-VE was comparable to HA-AC and much higher than HA-MA. Although the reactivity of HA-VE for homopolymerization was insufficient for 2PP, it was demonstrated that thiol–ene chemistry could substantially improve its reactivity. This optimization led to 2PP-fabrication of a HA-VE hydrogel construct with μm-scale accuracy. Low cytotoxicity, high reactivity and good biodegradability makes HA-VE promising candidates for biological applications in cell culture and tissue engineering.
Related Literature
Nanostring-cluster hierarchical structured Bi2O3: synthesis, evolution and application in biosensing
Ya-Nan Yu, Shi-Yu Lu, Shu-Juan Bao, Qiang-Qiang Sun, Sheng-Hui Liao
DOI: 10.1039/C5CP05790F
Probing the dynamics of highly excited toluene on the fs timescale
C. C. Papadopoulou, S. Kaziannis, C. Kosmidis
DOI: 10.1039/C5CP04346H
Nuclear dynamics in the metastable phase of the solid acid caesium hydrogen sulfate
DOI: 10.1039/C5CP05636E
Chemical modification of graphene aerogels for electrochemical capacitor applications
Jin-Yong Hong, Jeong Jae Wie, Yu Xu, Ho Seok Park
DOI: 10.1039/C5CP04203H
DFT-based Green's function pathways model for prediction of bridge-mediated electronic coupling
Laura Berstis, Kim K. Baldridge
DOI: 10.1039/C5CP01861G
Physicochemical perspectives (aggregation, structure and dynamics) of interaction between pluronic (L31) and surfactant (SDS)
G. K. S. Prameela, B. V. N. Phani Kumar, A. Pan, V. K. Aswal, J. Subramanian, A. B. Mandal, S. P. Moulik
DOI: 10.1039/C5CP04910E
Spontaneous transition of a water droplet from the Wenzel state to the Cassie state: a molecular dynamics simulation study
Jiadao Wang, Shuai Chen, Darong Chen
DOI: 10.1039/C5CP05045F
Prediction of spin–orbital coupling effects on the electronic structure of two dimensional van der Waals heterostructures
Baiqing You, Xiaocha Wang, Wenbo Mi
DOI: 10.1039/C5CP05068E
Testing the transferability of a coarse-grained model to intrinsically disordered proteins
Gil O. Rutter, David Quigley, Tiffany R. Walsh
DOI: 10.1039/C5CP05652G
You might also like
What is 3-Fluoro-2-methylbenzylamine (CAS: 771573-36-5)?
3-Fluoro-2-methylbenzylamine is an organic compound with the CAS number 771573-3...
Is Tert-butyl 2-(oxetan-3-ylidene)acetate (CAS: 1207175-03-8) safe?
Tert-butyl 2-(oxetan-3-ylidene)acetate is considered safe for its intended uses ...
What precautions should be taken when handling 4-Acetyl-2-fluorobenzonitrile (CAS: 214760-18-6)?
Proper personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves, goggles, and a lab co...
How is 2-Ethyl-4-methyl-1,3-thiazole (CAS: 15679-12-6) typically synthesized?
2-Ethyl-4-methyl-1,3-thiazole is commonly synthesized via the reaction of thiour...
How should 5',5''-([2,2'-Bithiophene]-5,5'-diyl)bis(([1,1':3',1''-terphenyl]-4,4''-dicarboxylic acid)) (CAS: 1227780-71-3) be stored?
This compound should be stored in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight an...
What regulatory guidelines apply to L-Lysine Acetate Salt (CAS: 52315-92-1)?
L-Lysine Acetate Salt (CAS: 52315-92-1) is subject to various regulatory guideli...
Is 6-Fluoro-3-hydroxy-2-pyrazinecarboxamide (CAS: 259793-96-9) safe?
6-Fluoro-3-hydroxy-2-pyrazinecarboxamide (CAS: 259793-96-9) is generally conside...
What are the physical and chemical properties of 1,1'-Sulfonylbis(1H-imidazole) (CAS: 7189-69-7)?
1,1'-Sulfonylbis(1H-imidazole) is a crystalline solid with a molecular weight of...
What industries use 4-methyl-7-nitro-1H-indole-3-carbonitrile (CAS: 289483-82-5)?
4-Methyl-7-nitro-1H-indole-3-carbonitrile (CAS: 289483-82-5) is primarily used i...
How should waste containing 5-Bromo-3-indolyl-beta-galactoside (CAS: 97753-82-7) be handled?
Waste containing 5-Bromo-3-indolyl-beta-galactoside (CAS: 97753-82-7) should be ...
Source Journal
Polymer Chemistry

Polymer Chemistry welcomes submissions in all areas of polymer science that have a strong focus on macromolecular chemistry. Manuscripts may cover a broad range of fields, yet no direct application focus is required.












![Benzyl spiro[indole-3,4'-piperidine]-1(2H)-carboxylate hydrochloride (1:1) structure Benzyl spiro[indole-3,4'-piperidine]-1(2H)-carboxylate hydrochloride (1:1) structure](https://static.chemtradehub.com/structs/159/159635-46-8-8de0.webp)

