Between a reactant rock and a solvent hard place – molecular corrals guide aromatic substitutions

Literature Information

Publication Date 2013-11-11
DOI 10.1039/C3CP54079K
Impact Factor 3.676
Authors

Yan-Mei Chen, Gregory Adam Chass, De-Cai Fang


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Abstract

A novel reaction mechanism is presented for an ortho-magnesium carboxylate driven aromatic nucleophilic substitution in naphthoic acids, supported by high-level density functional theory. Results show that the rate-determining aspects involve an R-group transfer from a Grignard reagent Mg-atom to the C1-atom on a naphthalene ring. This transfer is moderated by a molecular corral comprised of two solvent THF molecules and the naphthoic acid, which collectively marshal the R-group into position. The CAM-B3LYP method was employed together with the all-electron DZVP basis set. Solvent was treated using an implicit dielectric continuum (PCM method) and IDSCRF atomic-radii. Further evolved solvent models were also investigated, consisting of explicit solvating particles forming a primary solvation layer framing the reaction center. Reaction barriers obtained are in close agreement with experimental trends, with R-group substituent-identity tempering repulsion with the molecular corral, in-turn modulating the free-energy barriers. Partitioning of the dynamic bases of entropy contribution to free-energy was central to the successful experimental–theoretical synergy.

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Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics
CiteScore: 5.5
Self-citation Rate: 10.3%
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Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics (PCCP) is an international journal co-owned by 19 physical chemistry and physics societies from around the world. This journal publishes original, cutting-edge research in physical chemistry, chemical physics and biophysical chemistry. To be suitable for publication in PCCP, articles must include significant innovation and/or insight into physical chemistry; this is the most important criterion that reviewers and Editors will judge against when evaluating submissions. The journal has a broad scope and welcomes contributions spanning experiment, theory, computation and data science. Topical coverage includes spectroscopy, dynamics, kinetics, statistical mechanics, thermodynamics, electrochemistry, catalysis, surface science, quantum mechanics, quantum computing and machine learning. Interdisciplinary research areas such as polymers and soft matter, materials, nanoscience, energy, surfaces/interfaces, and biophysical chemistry are welcomed if they demonstrate significant innovation and/or insight into physical chemistry. Joined experimental/theoretical studies are particularly appreciated when complementary and based on up-to-date approaches.

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