Co-crystals of caffeine with substituted nitroanilines and nitrobenzoic acids: Structure–mechanical property and thermal studies

Literature Information

Publication Date 2012-02-13
DOI 10.1039/C2CE06754D
Impact Factor 3.545
Authors

Soumyajit Ghosh, C. Malla Reddy


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Abstract

Nine new 1 : 1 co-crystals of caffeine with some halogenated nitroanilines and two nitrobenzoic acids have been synthesized. These new caffeine (CAF) co-crystals, with 4-nitroaniline (4NA), 4-fluoro-3-nitroaniline (4F3NA), 4-chloro-3-nitroaniline (4Cl3NA), 4-iodo-3-nitroaniline (4I3NA), 2-fluro-5-nitroaniline (2F5NA), 2-chloro-5-nitroaniline (2Cl5NA), 2-iodo-4-nitroaniline (2I4NA), 2,4-dinitrobenzoic acid (24DNB), 2-fluoro-5-nitrobenzoic acid (2F5NB), are characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis and infrared spectroscopy. The co-crystals adopt a range of structures, namely two-dimensional (2D) flat layer, corrugated layer and 3D interlocked structures. The series of crystals allowed us to establish a structure–mechanical property relationship by using a simple mechanical deformation (qualitative) method. The 2D flat layer crystals (CAF/24DNB, CAF/2Cl5NA and CAF/2I4NA), which have strong intralayer and weak interlayer interactions show shear deformation behaviour, while those with weak intralayer interactions (CAF/4Cl3NA and CAF/4I3NA) show brittle fracture on application of a mechanical stress. The structures with corrugated layers (CAF/2F5NA) or 3D interlocked packing (CAF/NA, CAF/2F5NB and CAF/4F3NA) also show brittle behaviour. We also show the need for a wide initial search, targeting even the least expected synthons, to improve the efficiency of co-crystal screening.

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CrystEngComm

CrystEngComm
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CrystEngComm is the forum for the design and understanding of crystalline materials. We welcome studies on the investigation of molecular behaviour within crystals, control of nucleation and crystal growth, engineering of crystal structures, and construction of crystalline materials with tuneable properties and functions. We publish hypothesis-driven research into… how crystal design affects thermodynamics, phase transitional behaviours, polymorphism, morphology control, solid state reactivity (crystal-crystal solution-crystal, and gas-crystal reactions), optoelectronics, ferroelectric materials, non-linear optics, molecular and bulk magnetism, conductivity and quantum computing, catalysis, absorption and desorption, and mechanical properties. Using Techniques and methods including… Single crystal and powder X-ray, electron, and neutron diffraction, solid-state spectroscopy, spectrometry, and microscopy, modelling and data mining, and empirical, semi-empirical and ab-initio theoretical evaluations. On crystalline and solid-state materials. We particularly welcome work on MOFs, coordination polymers, nanocrystals, host-guest and multi-component molecular materials. We also accept work on peptides and liquid crystals. All papers should involve the use or development of a design or optimisation strategy. Routine structural reports or crystal morphology descriptions, even when combined with an analysis of properties or potential applications, are generally considered to be outside the scope of the journal and are unlikely to be accepted.

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