On the use and influence of electron-blocking interlayers in polymer light-emitting diodes

Literature Information

Publication Date 2009-03-06
DOI 10.1039/B819200F
Impact Factor 3.676
Authors

Peter A. Levermore, Jingsong Huang, Xuhua Wang, Donal D. C. Bradley


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Abstract

We report current–voltage–luminance and electromodulation measurements on a series of polymer light-emitting diodes, using indium tin oxide (ITO) coated with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) as the anode, poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-alt-N-(4-butylphenyl)-diphenylamine) (TFB) as an optional anodic interlayer material, poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-alt-bithiophene) (F8T2) as the emissive layer, and either aluminium or (aluminium-capped) calcium as the cathode. Four device structures were investigated: ITO/PEDOT:PSS/F8T2/Al, ITO/PEDOT:PSS/F8T2/Ca, ITO/PEDOT:PSS/TFB/F8T2/Al, and ITO/PEDOT:PSS/TFB/F8T2/Ca. The devices with interlayers had substantially higher luminance and power efficiencies than their interlayer-free counterparts—a fact we attribute to the energy and mobility barriers that exist at the TFB–F8T2 interface. These barriers play two crucial roles in enhancing device efficiency: firstly, they cause the most easily injected charge carrier to accumulate at the TFB–F8T2 interface until efficient injection of the opposite carrier type becomes favourable; and, secondly, they inhibit electron and hole ‘seepage’ across the interface, thereby reducing leakage currents. The beneficial influence of these two effects is most marked for the interlayer-containing Al device which, in spite of a sizeable 0.9 eV barrier to electron injection at the cathode, exhibited surprisingly high luminous and power efficiencies of 2.4 cd A−1 and 1.1 lm W−1 at an arbitrary reference luminance of 2500 cd m−2. This compares with peak values of just 0.11 cd A−1 and 0.07 lm W−1 at 25 cd m−2 for the equivalent interlayer-free device (falling to 0.058 cd A−1 and 0.025 lm W−1 at 100 cd m−2). The interlayer-containing Ca device had luminous and power efficiencies of 3.5 cd A−1 and 2.9 lm W−1 at 2500 cd m−2 compared to 1.1 cd A−1 and 0.7 lm W−1 for the equivalent interlayer-free device at 2500 cd m−2.

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Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics
CiteScore: 5.5
Self-citation Rate: 10.3%
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Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics (PCCP) is an international journal co-owned by 19 physical chemistry and physics societies from around the world. This journal publishes original, cutting-edge research in physical chemistry, chemical physics and biophysical chemistry. To be suitable for publication in PCCP, articles must include significant innovation and/or insight into physical chemistry; this is the most important criterion that reviewers and Editors will judge against when evaluating submissions. The journal has a broad scope and welcomes contributions spanning experiment, theory, computation and data science. Topical coverage includes spectroscopy, dynamics, kinetics, statistical mechanics, thermodynamics, electrochemistry, catalysis, surface science, quantum mechanics, quantum computing and machine learning. Interdisciplinary research areas such as polymers and soft matter, materials, nanoscience, energy, surfaces/interfaces, and biophysical chemistry are welcomed if they demonstrate significant innovation and/or insight into physical chemistry. Joined experimental/theoretical studies are particularly appreciated when complementary and based on up-to-date approaches.

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