How is 4-[2,4,5-tris(4-carboxyphenyl)phenyl]benzoic acid (CAS: 1078153-58-8) typically synthesized?

4-[2,4,5-tris(4-carboxyphenyl)phenyl]benzoic acid is synthesized through multistep reactions involving the condensation of 4-carboxybenzaldehyde and 4-aminophenol. The synthesis typically involves the formation of an intermediate ester, followed by the introduction of the phenyl group via a coupling reaction. The yield and selectivity of the reaction are influenced by the choice of catalysts and reaction conditions.