How is Tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-carboxylic acid (CAS: 873397-34-3) typically synthesized?

Tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-carboxylic acid can be synthesized via a variety of routes, such as from 1,4-dioxane or 2-oxo-1,3-dioxolan-4-one. Common methods include acid catalyzed condensation reactions or direct oxidation of intermediate compounds, often employing catalysts like sulfuric acid or manganese dioxide. The yield is typically around 70-80%.