How is 3-Cyclopentylpropanoic acid (CAS: 140-77-2) typically synthesized?

3-Cyclopentylpropanoic acid is typically synthesized by the esterification of cyclopentyl propyl alcohol with acetic acid using an acid catalyst such as concentrated sulfuric acid. The reaction is usually conducted at room temperature, and the product can be isolated by recrystallization. The yield is generally around 80-90%. The selectivity and yield can be improved by optimizing reaction conditions and using more sophisticated catalysts.