Smart bionic applications based on a multiple stimulus response GO-PDANP/PDMS bilayer flexible actuator

Flexible actuators are a kind of driving device that can convert one or more stimuli in the environment into mechanical motion, and are an important part of the field of smart materials and have been widely used in information technology, biosensors, intelligent robotics and other fields. However, designing a flexible actuator with fast response and multiple stimulus response characteristics is still challenging. In this study, based on the hydrophilicity of the GO layer and the high photothermal performance of the PDANP/PDMS layer, a bilayer flexible actuator (BFA) capable of simultaneously responding to stimuli such as light, heat, and humidity was prepared. Due to the asymmetric structure of the bilayer, the BFA exhibits different bending directions and angles under light, heat, and humidity stimuli with fast, reversible, and controllable bending deformation. In addition, based on this BFA with multiple responses, bionic devices, such as flexible grippers, smart curtains, and smart switches, have been designed to broaden their applications.