Making chemicals from the air: the new frontier for hybrid electrosyntheses in artificial tree-like devices

Literature Information

Publication Date 2023-09-21
DOI 10.1039/D3GC02135A
Impact Factor 10.182
Authors

Gabriele Centi, Siglinda Perathoner


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Abstract

Making chemicals from the air is a visionary objective that can potentially revolutionise chemical production. This critical review shows that the essential elements to realise this dream exist, even the many challenges, particularly in integrating all the components and operating them in synergy. The production of (i) fertilisers and (ii) food components (carbohydrates, proteins) from the air in artificial tree-like devices is analysed, focusing on the electrosynthesis aspects. Three critical components of these devices were discussed: (i) the system to capture and concentrate small molecules (CO2, H2O, N2) from the air, (ii) the electrocatalytic fixation of CO2 and N2, with the advances in producing directly (one-step) ammonium nitrate solution and/or urea, and (iii) the sustainable production of food from the air, via a first stage of electrocatalytic CO2 fixation to acetate. Although there are advances in these areas, the possibility of combining them is still at an early stage. The concept of hybrid electrosyntheses technologies is crucial to realising and implementing these dream reactions. For this reason, it is indicated as the frontier research in electrosynthesis.

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Green Chemistry provides a unique forum for the publication of innovative research on the development of alternative green and sustainable technologies. The scope of Green Chemistry is based on, but not limited to, the definition proposed by Anastas and Warner (Green Chemistry: Theory and Practice, P T Anastas and J C Warner, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1998). Green chemistry is the utilisation of a set of principles that reduces or eliminates the use or generation of hazardous substances in the design, manufacture and application of chemical products. Green Chemistry is at the frontiers of this continuously-evolving interdisciplinary science and publishes research that attempts to reduce the environmental impact of the chemical enterprise by developing a technology base that is inherently non-toxic to living things and the environment. Submissions on all aspects of research relating to the endeavour are welcome. The journal publishes original and significant cutting-edge research that is likely to be of wide general appeal. To be published, work must present a significant advance in green chemistry. Papers must contain a comparison with existing methods and demonstrate advantages over those methods before publication can be considered. For more information please see this Editorial. Coverage includes the following, but is not limited to: Design (e.g. biomimicry, design for degradation/recycling/reduced toxicity…) Reagents & Feedstocks (e.g. renewables, CO2, solvents, auxiliary agents, waste utilization…) Synthesis (e.g. organic, inorganic, synthetic biology…) Catalysis (e.g. homogeneous, heterogeneous, enzyme, whole cell…) Process (e.g. process design, intensification, separations, recycling, efficiency…) Energy (e.g. renewable energy, fuels, photovoltaics, fuel cells, energy storage, energy carriers…) Applications (e.g. electronics, dyes, consumer products, coatings, pharmaceuticals, preservatives, building materials, chemicals for industry/agriculture/mining…) Impact (e.g. safety, metrics, LCA, sustainability, (eco)toxicology…) Green chemistry is, by definition, a continuously-evolving frontier. Therefore, the inclusion of a particular material or technology does not, of itself, guarantee that a paper is suitable for the journal. To be suitable, the novel advance should have the potential for reduced environmental impact relative to the state of the art. Green Chemistry does not normally deal with research associated with 'end-of-pipe' or remediation issues.

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