A deformable complementary moisture and tribo energy harvester
Literature Information
Gwanho Kim, Jae Won Lee, Kaiying Zhao, Taebin Kim, Woojoong Kim, Jin Woo Oh, Kyuho Lee, Jihye Jang, Guangtao Zan, Jong Woong Park, Seokyeong Lee, Yeonji Kim, Wei Jiang, Shengyou Li, Cheolmin Park
Although energy harvesting based on moisture-induced electric generators (MEGs) has become popular with the development of numerous moisture and ion-selective materials, the single-cell combination of an MEG with another energy harvester for further boosting the power efficiency has seldom been demonstrated. Herein, we present a single-cell complementary energy harvester capable of simultaneously generating moisture-induced as well as triboelectric power. Our harvester is based on a highly resilient and deformable three-dimensional melamine foam coated with two-dimensional conductive MXene (Ti3C2Tx) nanosheets. One fifth of the MXene-coated foam is additionally covered with an organo-ionic hydrogel as an asymmetric moisture and ion source for the MXene over a broad range of humidity and temperature, producing an MEG operated under a variety of mechanical deformations. Our resilient MXene/organo-ionic hydrogel foam is sufficiently tolerant to repetitive and harsh triboelectric contacts and can be used in a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG). Our single-cell MXene/organo-ionic hydrogel foam device exhibits a maximum voltage and current of 55 V and 102 μA, respectively, and a high electric power of approximately 83 μW cm−2 with excellent stretchability and compression strength of approximately 30% and 2.1 MPa, respectively. Moreover, based on the unique DC and AC outputs from the complementary MEG and TENG with fast capacitor charging capability, respectively, a novel emergency alarm and guidance system is demonstrated, wherein a constant light emitted from an alarm sensor powered by the MEG is amplified by the self-powered TENG driven by transient human walking motions in an emergency, effectively guiding people to an exit.
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Energy & Environmental Science

Energy & Environmental Science is an international journal dedicated to publishing exceptionally important and high quality, agenda-setting research tackling the key global and societal challenges of ensuring the provision of energy and protecting our environment for the future. The scope is intentionally broad and the journal recognises the complexity of issues and challenges relating to energy conversion and storage, alternative fuel technologies and environmental science. For work to be published it must be linked to the energy-environment nexus and be of significant general interest to our community-spanning readership. All scales of studies and analysis, from impactful fundamental advances, to interdisciplinary research across the (bio)chemical, (bio/geo)physical sciences and chemical engineering disciplines are welcomed. Topics include, but are not limited to, the following: Solar energy conversion and photovoltaics Solar fuels and artificial photosynthesis Fuel cells Hydrogen storage and (bio) hydrogen production Materials for energy systems Capture, storage and fate of CO2, including chemicals and fuels from CO2 Catalysis for a variety of feedstocks (for example, oil, gas, coal, biomass and synthesis gas) Biofuels and biorefineries Materials in extreme environments Environmental impacts of energy technologies Global atmospheric chemistry and climate change as related to energy systems Water-energy nexus Energy systems and networks Globally applicable principles of energy policy and techno-economics











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