Rate enhanced nitroxide-mediated miniemulsion polymerization: effect of nitroxide water solubility
Literature Information
Yi Guo, Mary E. Tysoe, Per B. Zetterlund
Nitroxide-mediated radical polymerization of styrene in miniemulsion based on in situ surfactant generation of potassium oleate has been conducted at 130 °C for three nitroxides of vastly different water solubilities; 4-stearoyl-TEMPO, TEMPO and 4-hydroxy-TEMPO. These miniemulsions contain high levels of surfactant (120 wt% relative to styrene) and have particle diameters of <20 nm, and as such compartmentalization effects are important. The TEMPO-based system proceeded with extraordinarily high polymerization rate (initial rate ∼30 times higher than in the corresponding bulk system), much faster than ever before achieved, while control/livingness remained satisfactory. The results for the other two nitroxides were consistent with the propensity (or lack thereof) of the free nitroxide to exit to the aqueous phase – the 4-stearoyl-TEMPO system (negligible nitroxide exit) exhibited a polymerization rate similar to the corresponding bulk system with good control/livingness, whereas the 4-hydroxy-TEMPO system polymerized much faster than the corresponding bulk system, accompanied by loss of control. Consumption of free nitroxide caused by the presence of oleic acid may also influence these polymerizations.
Related Literature
Role of pore curvature on the thermal stability of gold nanoparticles in mesoporous silica
Mangesh T. Bore, Hien N. Pham, Timothy L. Ward, Abhaya K. Datye
DOI: 10.1039/B407575G
Synthesis and characterization of electron-rich nickel tris-carbene complexes‡
Xile Hu, Ingrid Castro-Rodriguez, Karsten Meyer
DOI: 10.1039/B409241D
Oligomer preparation from hexane by radical polyaddition with bis(α-trifluoromethyl-β,β-difluorovinyl) terephthalate
Tadashi Narita, Hiroshi Hamana, Satoshi Hattori
DOI: 10.1039/B406116K
Reversible folding/unfolding of linear molecular strands into helical channel-like complexes upon proton-modulated binding and release of metal ions
Adrian-Mihail Stadler, Nathalie Kyritsakas, Jean-Marie Lehn
DOI: 10.1039/B407168A
Supramolecular isomerism in spin crossover networks with aurophilic interactions
Ana Galet, M. Carmen Muñoz, Víctor Martínez, José Antonio Real
DOI: 10.1039/B409974E
A metallo-capped polyrotaxane containing calix[4]arenes and cyclodextrins and its highly selective binding for Ca2+
Yu Liu, Hao Wang, Heng-Yi Zhang, Peng Liang
DOI: 10.1039/B409356A
New reactions in water: metal-free conversion of alcohols and ketones into α-iodoketones
José Barluenga, María Marco-Arias, Francisco González-Bobes, Alfredo Ballesteros, José M. González
DOI: 10.1039/B411227J
A C3-symmetric molecular scaffold for the construction of large receptors
Gebhard Haberhauer, Thomas Oeser, Frank Rominger
DOI: 10.1039/B406335J
Synthesis of core–shell polyurethane–ureananoparticles containing 4,4′-methylenedi-p-phenyl diisocyanate and isophorone diisocyanate by self-assembled neutralization emulsification
In Woo Cheong, Jung Hyun Kim
DOI: 10.1039/B409755F
Synthesis of Ag2S quantum dots in water-in-CO2 microemulsions
DOI: 10.1039/B410700D
You might also like
What is 1-(2,4,6-Trifluorophenyl)ethanol (CAS: 1250113-83-7)?
1-(2,4,6-Trifluorophenyl)ethanol is an organic compound with the CAS number 1250...
Is 1-(2,4-Dimethoxybenzyl)-4-(hydroxymethyl)-2-pyrrolidinone (CAS: 919111-34-5) safe?
1-(2,4-Dimethoxybenzyl)-4-(hydroxymethyl)-2-pyrrolidinone (CAS: 919111-34-5) is ...
What are the physical and chemical properties of (7S,15R)-6β,15-Diacetoxy-7α,20-epoxy-7-hydroxykaura-2,16-dien-1-one (CAS: 51419-51-3)?
(7S,15R)-6β,15-Diacetoxy-7α,20-epoxy-7-hydroxykaura-2,16-dien-1-one is a crystal...
What regulatory guidelines apply to rac-ethyl (1r,4r)-4-hydroxycyclohexane-1-carboxylate, trans (CAS: 3618-04-0)?
The compound rac-ethyl (1r,4r)-4-hydroxycyclohexane-1-carboxylate, trans (CAS: 3...
What is the market or research trend for 2-(2,4-Difluorophenoxy)-3-nitropyridine (CAS: 175135-62-3)?
The market for 2-(2,4-Difluorophenoxy)-3-nitropyridine (CAS: 175135-62-3) is cur...
What are the main uses of 6-Diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine (CAS: 157-03-9)?
The main uses of 6-Diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine (CAS: 157-03-9) include research in ...
What precautions should be taken when handling 2-Aminoethyl-mono-amide-DOTA-tris(tBu ester) (CAS: 173308-19-5)?
When handling 2-Aminoethyl-mono-amide-DOTA-tris(tBu ester) (CAS: 173308-19-5), i...
How is 5-Methylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-3-carbaldehyde (CAS: 178488-37-4) typically synthesized?
5-Methylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-3-carbaldehyde (CAS: 178488-37-4) can be synthesi...
Are there alternatives to 2,4,6-Trihydroxyisophthalaldehyde (CAS: 4396-13-8) in synthesis?
There are alternative reagents that can be used in the synthesis of 2,4,6-Trihyd...
What is (2Z)-3-(5-Fluoro-1H-indol-3-yl)-2-sulfanylacrylic acid (CAS: 179461-52-0)?
(2Z)-3-(5-Fluoro-1H-indol-3-yl)-2-sulfanylacrylic acid is a chemical compound wi...
Source Journal
Polymer Chemistry

Polymer Chemistry welcomes submissions in all areas of polymer science that have a strong focus on macromolecular chemistry. Manuscripts may cover a broad range of fields, yet no direct application focus is required.














![5-Bromo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine structure 5-Bromo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine structure](https://static.chemtradehub.com/structs/183/183208-35-7-2d72.webp)