Size-dependent fluorescence properties of [n]cycloparaphenylenes (n = 8–13), hoop-shaped π-conjugated molecules
Literature Information
Mamoru Fujitsuka, Takahiro Iwamoto, Shigeru Yamago, Tetsuro Majima
Hoop-shaped π-conjugated molecules such as cycloparaphenylene (CPP) have attracted the attention of many chemists because they exhibit interesting properties due to the distorted π-electron system. To gain a systematic understanding of the properties that result from distorted π-electron systems, it is important to know precisely how these properties depend on the hoop size. In the present study, we have investigated the size dependence of the fluorescence properties of CPPs. The fluorescence spectra of smaller CPPs showed red-shifted fluorescence peaks, smaller fluorescence quantum yields, and longer lifetimes, when compared to those of larger ones. One of the important factors that gave rise to these fluorescence properties of smaller CPPs was greater structural relaxation from the Franck–Condon state, which is a postulation supported by theoretical calculations. The structural relaxation in the picosecond domain was experimentally detected by the fluorescence upconversion method. The present results are an important example that confirms steric factors strongly governing the fluorescence properties of a molecule.
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Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics (PCCP) is an international journal co-owned by 19 physical chemistry and physics societies from around the world. This journal publishes original, cutting-edge research in physical chemistry, chemical physics and biophysical chemistry. To be suitable for publication in PCCP, articles must include significant innovation and/or insight into physical chemistry; this is the most important criterion that reviewers and Editors will judge against when evaluating submissions. The journal has a broad scope and welcomes contributions spanning experiment, theory, computation and data science. Topical coverage includes spectroscopy, dynamics, kinetics, statistical mechanics, thermodynamics, electrochemistry, catalysis, surface science, quantum mechanics, quantum computing and machine learning. Interdisciplinary research areas such as polymers and soft matter, materials, nanoscience, energy, surfaces/interfaces, and biophysical chemistry are welcomed if they demonstrate significant innovation and/or insight into physical chemistry. Joined experimental/theoretical studies are particularly appreciated when complementary and based on up-to-date approaches.











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