Thioxanthone-ethylcarbazole as a soluble visible light photoinitiator for free radical and free radical promoted cationic polymerizations

Literature Information

Publication Date 2011-09-01
DOI 10.1039/C1PY00269D
Impact Factor 5.582
Authors

Deniz Tunc, Yusuf Yagci


View Original

Abstract

Thioxanthone-ethylcarbazole (TX-EC), 7-ethylthiochromeno[2,3-b]carbazol-13(7H)-one, as a novel visible light absorbing one-component Type II photoinitiator with high solubility, was synthesized and characterized. Its ability to initiate free radical photopolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) was demonstrated and compared with that of the parent thioxanthone-carbazole (TX-C) both in the presence and absence of a co-initiator. It is found that TX-EC is a more effective photoinitiator in all cases. The mechanism of initiating radical formation for free radical polymerization in the absence of an added co-initiator involves photoexcitation of TX-EC and hydrogen abstraction of triplet states of TX-EC from the ethyl group attached to the carbazole moiety. In the presence of triethyl amine, the corresponding hydrogen abstraction reaction occurs between a triplet photoinitiator and the amine compound. The possibility of visible light photoinitiation of free radical promoted cationic polymerization of several monomers, namely cyclohexene oxide (CHO), n-butyl vinylether (BVE), N-vinyl carbazole (NVC) and 3,4-epoxycyclohexyl-3′,4′-epoxycyclohexene carboxylate (EEC) using TX-EC and Ph2I+PF6− combination was also demonstrated.

Related Literature

Strain engineering of polar optical phonon scattering mechanism – an effective way to optimize the power-factor and lattice thermal conductivity of ScN

Man Hea Kim, Carlos Baldo, III, Yan Wang, Mahalakshmi Sahasranaman

2021-09-27 Paper

DOI: 10.1039/D1CP02971A

Enhanced photocatalytic activity, transport properties and electronic structure of Mn doped GdFeO3 synthesized using the sol–gel process

Ritwik Maity, Alo Dutta, Saswata Halder, Santiranjan Shannigrahi, Kalyan Mandal, T. P. Sinha

2021-07-22 Paper

DOI: 10.1039/D1CP00621E

Revisiting the glass transition temperature of water–glycerol mixtures in the bulk and confined in mesoporous silica

Ivette Angarita, Ma. Florencia Mazzobre

2021-07-10 Paper

DOI: 10.1039/D1CP02153B

Back cover

2021-10-20 Cover

DOI: 10.1039/D1CP90212A

Designing nanoscale capacitors based on twin-graphene

Jyotirmoy Deb, Harkishan Dua, Utpal Sarkar

2021-07-12 Paper

DOI: 10.1039/D1CP02680A

Identification of beryllium fluoride complexes in mechanically distorted gels using quadrupolar split 9Be NMR spectra resolved with solution-state selective cross-polarization

Konstantin Romanenko, Stuart J. Elliott, Aleksandr A. Shubin, Philip W. Kuchel

2021-07-17 Paper

DOI: 10.1039/D1CP02515E

The growth of a large GdPO4 crystal guided by theoretical simulation and the study of its phonon properties

Xinghong Gong, Yujin Chen, Jianhua Huang, Yanfu Lin, Zundu Luo, Shuiquan Deng, Yidong Huang

2021-09-16 Paper

DOI: 10.1039/D1CP02977K

Active Brownian particle in homogeneous media of different viscosities: numerical simulations

E. A. Lisin, O. S. Vaulina, I. I. Lisina, O. F. Petrov

2021-07-26 Paper

DOI: 10.1039/D1CP02511B

You might also like

Compound Q&A

What is 3-Fluoro-2-methylbenzylamine (CAS: 771573-36-5)?

3-Fluoro-2-methylbenzylamine is an organic compound with the CAS number 771573-3...

771573-36-53-Fluoro-2-methylben...
Compound Q&A

Is Tert-butyl 2-(oxetan-3-ylidene)acetate (CAS: 1207175-03-8) safe?

Tert-butyl 2-(oxetan-3-ylidene)acetate is considered safe for its intended uses ...

1207175-03-8Tert-butyl 2-(oxetan...
Compound Q&A

What precautions should be taken when handling 4-Acetyl-2-fluorobenzonitrile (CAS: 214760-18-6)?

Proper personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves, goggles, and a lab co...

214760-18-64-Acetyl-2-fluoroben...
Compound Q&A

How is 2-Ethyl-4-methyl-1,3-thiazole (CAS: 15679-12-6) typically synthesized?

2-Ethyl-4-methyl-1,3-thiazole is commonly synthesized via the reaction of thiour...

15679-12-62-Ethyl-4-methyl-1,3...
Compound Q&A

How should 5',5''-([2,2'-Bithiophene]-5,5'-diyl)bis(([1,1':3',1''-terphenyl]-4,4''-dicarboxylic acid)) (CAS: 1227780-71-3) be stored?

This compound should be stored in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight an...

1227780-71-35',5''''-([2,2'-Bith...
Compound Q&A

What regulatory guidelines apply to L-Lysine Acetate Salt (CAS: 52315-92-1)?

L-Lysine Acetate Salt (CAS: 52315-92-1) is subject to various regulatory guideli...

52315-92-1L-LYSINE ACETATE SAL...
Compound Q&A

Is 6-Fluoro-3-hydroxy-2-pyrazinecarboxamide (CAS: 259793-96-9) safe?

6-Fluoro-3-hydroxy-2-pyrazinecarboxamide (CAS: 259793-96-9) is generally conside...

259793-96-96-Fluoro-3-hydroxy-2...
Compound Q&A

What are the physical and chemical properties of 1,1'-Sulfonylbis(1H-imidazole) (CAS: 7189-69-7)?

1,1'-Sulfonylbis(1H-imidazole) is a crystalline solid with a molecular weight of...

7189-69-71,1'-Sulfonylbis(1H-...
Compound Q&A

What industries use 4-methyl-7-nitro-1H-indole-3-carbonitrile (CAS: 289483-82-5)?

4-Methyl-7-nitro-1H-indole-3-carbonitrile (CAS: 289483-82-5) is primarily used i...

289483-82-54-methyl-7-nitro-1H-...
Compound Q&A

How should waste containing 5-Bromo-3-indolyl-beta-galactoside (CAS: 97753-82-7) be handled?

Waste containing 5-Bromo-3-indolyl-beta-galactoside (CAS: 97753-82-7) should be ...

97753-82-75-Bromo-3-indolyl-be...

Source Journal

Polymer Chemistry

Polymer Chemistry
CiteScore: 8.6
Self-citation Rate: 7.3%
Articles per Year: 457

Polymer Chemistry welcomes submissions in all areas of polymer science that have a strong focus on macromolecular chemistry. Manuscripts may cover a broad range of fields, yet no direct application focus is required.

Recommended Compounds

Recommended Suppliers

Disclaimer
This page provides academic journal information for reference and research purposes only. We are not affiliated with any journal publishers and do not handle publication submissions. For publication-related inquiries, please contact the respective journal publishers directly.
If you notice any inaccuracies in the information displayed, please contact us at support@chemtradehub.com. We will promptly review and address your concerns.