How is 3-(3-Fluorophenyl)-3-({[(2-methyl-2-propanyl)oxy]carbonyl}amino)propanoic acid (CAS: 284493-59-0) typically synthesized?

3-(3-Fluorophenyl)-3-({[(2-methyl-2-propanyl)oxy]carbonyl}amino)propanoic acid (CAS: 284493-59-0) is typically synthesized via a multi-step process involving alkylation, acylation, and fluorination reactions. Key steps include the protection of the amino group, followed by the introduction of the fluorophenyl group and the (2-methyl-2-propanyl)oxy carbonyl group. Common catalysts include anhydrous sodium carbonate and triphenylphosphine, with a yield of around 70-80%.