How is Methyl (3S)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-3-isoquinolinecarboxylate hydrochloride (CAS: 78183-55-8) typically synthesized?

Methyl (3S)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-3-isoquinolinecarboxylate hydrochloride is synthesized through a multistep process involving alkylation and subsequent condensation reactions. Commonly, methyl iodide is used as the alkylating agent, and HCl is added to protonate the intermediate. The synthesis involves controlled conditions to achieve high yield and purity, often requiring the use of azeotropic distillation to remove by-products.