How is 2-(2-(Piperazin-1-yl)ethoxy)-ethanol dihydrochloride (CAS: 85293-16-9) typically synthesized?

2-(2-(Piperazin-1-yl)ethoxy)-ethanol dihydrochloride (CAS: 85293-16-9) is typically synthesized via the reaction of 2-(2-chloroethoxy)-ethanol with piperazine in the presence of a base such as sodium hydroxide. The reaction proceeds under mild conditions, and the yield can be up to 90%. The use of a suitable catalyst can improve the selectivity and efficiency of the reaction.