(2S)-2-Hydroxybutanoic acid(CAS: 3347-90-8)

(2S)-2-Hydroxybutanoic acid, also known as 2-Hydroxybutyric acid, has a crystalline form at room temperature and a molecular weight of approximately 116.09 g/mol. It is slightly soluble in water and has a pKa of about 4.75. This compound is known for its chiral nature, exhibiting different optical isomers. It is reactive towards bases and can form salts with various alkali metals. Its solubility in organic solvents is low, making it less miscible in such media.

(2S)-2-Hydroxybutanoic acid can be synthesized through the chemical reduction of 2-keto-2-hydroxybutyric acid. Common synthetic routes involve the use of sodium borohydride as a reducing agent. This method yields high selectivity towards the (2S) enantiomer. Other approaches include the stereoselective epoxidation followed by reduction of an appropriate precursor. The final product's purity and enantiomeric excess can be enhanced through subsequent purification steps.

(2S)-2-Hydroxybutanoic acid finds applications in various industries. In pharmaceuticals, it is used as a precursor for the synthesis of chiral drugs and as a functional group in drug conjugates. In polymer chemistry, it serves as a monomer for the production of biodegradable polymers. Additionally, it is utilized in the development of sensors for detecting specific analytes and in the synthesis of semiconductor materials for electronic devices. Its chiral nature makes it particularly valuable in these sectors.

When handling (2S)-2-Hydroxybutanoic acid, it is essential to wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves, safety goggles, and a lab coat to protect against skin and eye contact. Work should be conducted in a well-ventilated area or a fume hood to minimize inhalation risks. Spills should be cleaned up using appropriate absorbent materials and the area should be thoroughly rinsed. It is crucial to refer to the Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for detailed emergency response procedures and to follow all safety guidelines specified by the manufacturer. Proper storage should be in a cool, dry place away from sources of heat and ignition.