Enhancing energy extraction from water microdroplets through synergistic electrokinetic and galvanic effects

Literature Information

Publication Date 2023-11-02
DOI 10.1039/D3TA04394K
Impact Factor 12.732
Authors

Haitao Li, Wenxing Wang, Xiangming Li, Tharishinny Raja Mogan, Linan Xu, Jie Han


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Abstract

Water-evaporation generators fabricated from carbon black are an emerging approach for autonomous power generation, but they generally suffer from low power density. Here, our work introduces an efficient water-evaporation generator with high output power density and subsequently demonstrates its application for fabricating a self-powered device to power electronic devices. Our WEG design comprises two important components: (1) cotton fabric loaded with Ketjen carbon black to form a Ketjen carbon black/cotton fabric composite as the electroactive layer and (2) iron metal electrodes to impart galvanic effects for enhanced power generation. When using deionized water as an energy feedstock (25 °C; 50% RH), the optimized WEG produces a high maximum open-circuit voltage of 640 mV, short-circuit current of 140 μA, and power density of 250 μW g−1. Notably, the use of concentrated saline (13.5 wt% NaCl) instead of deionized water drastically boosts electrical outputs to 1 V, 0.6 mA, and 1.75 mW g−1, respectively, amounting to a total output energy of 659.4 kJ m−2 L−1. The superior performance of the WEG is attributed to the enhanced electrokinetic effects of Ketjen carbon black and effective integration with the galvanic effects from the iron electrode, thereby achieving remarkable electrical outputs that surpass those of existing generator designs by two orders of magnitude. These electrical outputs can be efficiently utilized to power personal electronic devices. More importantly, our article further showcases a combination of a typical generator with a water sponge to create an integrated, multifunctional smart bracelet for the real-time monitoring of human pulse information using an aqueous solution as a viable energy feedstock. Our work opens up vast opportunities for the production of green energy and the development of diverse applications in the field of wearable technology.

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Journal of Materials Chemistry A

Journal of Materials Chemistry A
CiteScore: 19.5
Self-citation Rate: 4.7%
Articles per Year: 2211

Journal of Materials Chemistry A, B & C cover high quality studies across all fields of materials chemistry. The journals focus on those theoretical or experimental studies that report new understanding, applications, properties and synthesis of materials. The journals have a strong history of publishing quality reports of interest to interdisciplinary communities and providing an efficient and rigorous service through peer review and publication. The journals are led by an international team of Editors-in-Chief and Associate Editors who are all active researchers in their fields. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, B & C are separated by the intended application of the material studied. Broadly, applications in energy and sustainability are of interest to Journal of Materials Chemistry A, applications in biology and medicine are of interest to Journal of Materials Chemistry B, and applications in optical, magnetic and electronic devices are of interest to Journal of Materials Chemistry C. More than one Journal of Materials Chemistry journal may be suitable for certain fields and researchers are encouraged to submit their paper to the journal that they feel best fits for their particular article. Example topic areas within the scope of Journal of Materials Chemistry A are listed below. This list is neither exhaustive nor exclusive. Artificial photosynthesis Batteries Carbon dioxide conversion Catalysis Fuel cells Gas capture/separation/storage Green/sustainable materials Hydrogen generation Hydrogen storage Photocatalysis Photovoltaics Self-cleaning materials Self-healing materials Sensors Supercapacitors Thermoelectrics Water splitting Water treatment

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