Thermal stability and decomposition kinetics of mixed-cation halide perovskites

Organic–inorganic halide perovskites (OIHPs) have emerged as one of the most efficient photovoltaic materials due to their superior properties. However, improving their stability remains a key challenge. Herein, we investigate the thermal decomposition properties of OIHP FAxMA1−xPbI3 with mixed cations of formamidinium (FA) and methylammonium (MA). Using thermogravimetric analysis together with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, we identify and monitor the gaseous decomposition products as a function of temperature and cation composition. Thermal decomposition products of both MA and FA cations were observed at all stages of the thermal decomposition process, contrary to previous expectations. The yield, release sequence and kinetics of the organic gaseous products were found to depend strongly on the ratio between FA and MA cations. Furthermore, cesium ion doping was investigated as a potential strategy to improve the thermal stability of mixed cation perovskites. These results provide new insights into the effect of cation mixing on perovskite stability, suggesting that optimizing the cation ratios and decomposition pathways can guide approaches to boost the stability and performance of mixed cation perovskites.