Fluorine-free ionic liquid electrolytes for sustainable neodymium recovery using an electrochemical approach
Literature Information
Kalani Periyapperuma, Jennifer M. Pringle, Laura Sanchez-Cupido, Maria Forsyth, Cristina Pozo-Gonzalo
Rare earth metals (REMs) are considered critical materials due to their extensive demand for use in essential technologies that enable the transition to a greener energy technology and economy. However, the significant environmental and health impact caused by the current primary sourcing of REMs, i.e. mining, urgently demand more sustainable and environmentally friendly alternatives. Herein we report a cleaner approach to recover Nd via electrochemical deposition using low cost and non-fluorinated ionic liquid (IL). In contrast to most typically studied ILs utilising the bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide anion, here we show successful electrodeposition of Nd using 0.5 mol kg−1 neodymium nitrate (Nd(NO3)·6H2O) in N-butyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium dicyanamide ([C4mpyr][DCA]) IL electrolyte while reporting an eight times higher current density (−38 mA cm−2) at a lower temperature (halved to 50 °C) and less controlled environment (0.15–4.6 wt% H2O) compared to parameters previously reported in the literature. Further, the effect of Nd salts and their concentration on the electrolyte physical properties, Nd3+ electrochemical behaviour, electrodeposit composition and Nd recovery efficiency were investigated using Nd(OTf)3 (trifluoromethanesulfonate [OTf]−) and Nd(NO3)·6H2O in [C4mpyr][DCA] IL electrolytes. The XPS analysis confirmed the presence of a higher Nd metal content in the electrodeposit resulting from the nitrate system.
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Green Chemistry provides a unique forum for the publication of innovative research on the development of alternative green and sustainable technologies. The scope of Green Chemistry is based on, but not limited to, the definition proposed by Anastas and Warner (Green Chemistry: Theory and Practice, P T Anastas and J C Warner, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1998). Green chemistry is the utilisation of a set of principles that reduces or eliminates the use or generation of hazardous substances in the design, manufacture and application of chemical products. Green Chemistry is at the frontiers of this continuously-evolving interdisciplinary science and publishes research that attempts to reduce the environmental impact of the chemical enterprise by developing a technology base that is inherently non-toxic to living things and the environment. Submissions on all aspects of research relating to the endeavour are welcome. The journal publishes original and significant cutting-edge research that is likely to be of wide general appeal. To be published, work must present a significant advance in green chemistry. Papers must contain a comparison with existing methods and demonstrate advantages over those methods before publication can be considered. For more information please see this Editorial. Coverage includes the following, but is not limited to: Design (e.g. biomimicry, design for degradation/recycling/reduced toxicity…) Reagents & Feedstocks (e.g. renewables, CO2, solvents, auxiliary agents, waste utilization…) Synthesis (e.g. organic, inorganic, synthetic biology…) Catalysis (e.g. homogeneous, heterogeneous, enzyme, whole cell…) Process (e.g. process design, intensification, separations, recycling, efficiency…) Energy (e.g. renewable energy, fuels, photovoltaics, fuel cells, energy storage, energy carriers…) Applications (e.g. electronics, dyes, consumer products, coatings, pharmaceuticals, preservatives, building materials, chemicals for industry/agriculture/mining…) Impact (e.g. safety, metrics, LCA, sustainability, (eco)toxicology…) Green chemistry is, by definition, a continuously-evolving frontier. Therefore, the inclusion of a particular material or technology does not, of itself, guarantee that a paper is suitable for the journal. To be suitable, the novel advance should have the potential for reduced environmental impact relative to the state of the art. Green Chemistry does not normally deal with research associated with 'end-of-pipe' or remediation issues.













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