Oxidation-assisted alkaline precipitation of nanoparticles using gas-diffusion electrodes

Literature Information

Publication Date 2021-04-15
DOI 10.1039/D0RE00463D
Impact Factor 4.239
Authors

Rafael Prato, Jan Fransaer


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Abstract

Metal oxide nanoparticles become increasingly important as functional materials because their diversity in composition and structure allow the control of their physical properties. This work investigates gas-diffusion electrocrystallization (GDEx) as a method to synthesize metal (oxy)(hydr)oxide nanoparticles (NPs) via oxidation-assisted alkaline precipitation (Ox-AP) by using gas-diffusion electrodes. GDEx was benchmarked against alkaline titration (AT). NPs were synthesized from ZnCl2, MnCl2, or FeCl2 precursor solutions at room temperature. Using AT, Zn(OH)2, Mn3O4, and FeO NPs were synthesized, respectively. Using GDEx, Zn(OH)2, Mn3O4, and Fe3O4 NPs were synthesized, respectively. The AT and GDEx process of the ZnCl2 and MnCl2 solutions demonstrated very similar pH behavior during precipitation and the Zn(OH)2 and Mn3O4 NPs synthesized with either technique were similar in size, morphology, and composition. For these cases, AT and GDEx both elicited alkaline precipitation and were considered equivalent processes for NP synthesis. In contrast, the AT and GDEx process of the FeCl2 solution demonstrated very different pH behavior during precipitation. Moreover, the FeO NPs, synthesized with AT, were much larger and of different shape and composition than the Fe3O4 NPs, synthesized with GDEx. The smaller sizes obtained with GDEx are suggested to result from an Ox-AP mechanism caused by the oxidation of Fe(II) to Fe(III) by H2O2 or HO2− during precipitation which presumably improves condensation kinetics and increases the supersaturation, both well-known size-determining factors.

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Reaction Chemistry & Engineering

Reaction Chemistry & Engineering
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Reaction Chemistry & Engineering is an interdisciplinary journal reporting cutting-edge research focused on enhancing the understanding and efficiency of reactions. Reaction engineering leverages the interface where fundamental molecular chemistry meets chemical engineering and technology. Challenges in chemistry can be overcome by the application of new technologies, while engineers may find improved solutions for process development from the latest developments in reaction chemistry. Reaction Chemistry & Engineering is a unique forum for researchers whose interests span the broad areas of chemical engineering and chemical sciences to come together in solving problems of importance to wider society. All papers should be written to be approachable by readers across the engineering and chemical sciences. Papers that consider multiple scales, from the laboratory up to and including plant scale, are particularly encouraged.

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