Revealing working mechanisms of PFN as a cathode interlayer in conventional and inverted polymer solar cells
Literature Information
Hongwei Zhang, Weilong Zhou, Chengzhuo Yu, Jianhua Guo, Fenghong Li
Energy level alignments at the PC71BM/PFN/Ag interface in conventional polymer solar cells (c-PSCs) and the ITO/PFN/PC71BM interface in inverted polymer solar cells (i-PSCs) are systematically investigated via ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy and by using the integer charge transfer (ICT) model. The findings demonstrate that PFN as a cathode interlayer is able to effectively reduce the electron extraction barriers from 0.72 eV to 0.38 eV for the c-PSCs and from 0.58 eV to 0.36 eV for the i-PSCs, respectively. In the c-PSCs, the final modified electron extraction barrier matches the predicted value (∼0.4 eV) using the ICT model. In the i-PSCs, there exists an intermixing layer of PFN and the active layer above PFN because some PFN is dissolved by the organic solvent in the active layer solution, resulting in a special energy level alignment at the PFN/PC71BM interface. ITO/PFN (2 nm)/PC71BM (20 nm) in the i-PSCs actually forms such an interface as ITO/PFN/PFN:PC71BM with an energy level alignment like Al/LiF/PC71BM/PFN (0.65 nm), which rationalizes a higher short circuit and fill factor in the i-PSCs than c-PSCs. Finally, a general model to simulate the intermixing layer between the organic cathode interlayer and the active layer has been proposed to describe the energy level alignment of the complicated interfaces in the i-PSCs.
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Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics (PCCP) is an international journal co-owned by 19 physical chemistry and physics societies from around the world. This journal publishes original, cutting-edge research in physical chemistry, chemical physics and biophysical chemistry. To be suitable for publication in PCCP, articles must include significant innovation and/or insight into physical chemistry; this is the most important criterion that reviewers and Editors will judge against when evaluating submissions. The journal has a broad scope and welcomes contributions spanning experiment, theory, computation and data science. Topical coverage includes spectroscopy, dynamics, kinetics, statistical mechanics, thermodynamics, electrochemistry, catalysis, surface science, quantum mechanics, quantum computing and machine learning. Interdisciplinary research areas such as polymers and soft matter, materials, nanoscience, energy, surfaces/interfaces, and biophysical chemistry are welcomed if they demonstrate significant innovation and/or insight into physical chemistry. Joined experimental/theoretical studies are particularly appreciated when complementary and based on up-to-date approaches.












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