Temperature-dependent energy levels and size-independent thermodynamics
Literature Information
We show that, by properly adopting the notion of temperature-dependent energy levels, the standard tools of differential thermodynamics can be used for a consistent thermostatistical description irrespective of system size. In this framework the paradigmatic (yet not always descriptive) large-system limit is no longer a necessary assumption for differential thermodynamics. We present a generalized relation between temperature and internal energy which extends thermodynamics all the way to isolated quantum systems.
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Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics (PCCP) is an international journal co-owned by 19 physical chemistry and physics societies from around the world. This journal publishes original, cutting-edge research in physical chemistry, chemical physics and biophysical chemistry. To be suitable for publication in PCCP, articles must include significant innovation and/or insight into physical chemistry; this is the most important criterion that reviewers and Editors will judge against when evaluating submissions. The journal has a broad scope and welcomes contributions spanning experiment, theory, computation and data science. Topical coverage includes spectroscopy, dynamics, kinetics, statistical mechanics, thermodynamics, electrochemistry, catalysis, surface science, quantum mechanics, quantum computing and machine learning. Interdisciplinary research areas such as polymers and soft matter, materials, nanoscience, energy, surfaces/interfaces, and biophysical chemistry are welcomed if they demonstrate significant innovation and/or insight into physical chemistry. Joined experimental/theoretical studies are particularly appreciated when complementary and based on up-to-date approaches.














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