Integrated conversion of agroindustrial residue with high pressure CO2 within the biorefinery concept

Literature Information

Publication Date 2014-07-08
DOI 10.1039/C4GC01093K
Impact Factor 10.182
Authors

Ana R. C. Morais, Ana C. Mata, Rafal Bogel-Lukasik


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Abstract

Sustainable production of energy and other added-value products from biomass-derived polysaccharides is a key challenge of an efficient biorefinery facility. Most technologies for biomass processing are energy demanding and use significant amounts of chemicals and catalysts. The need to develop a process which is devoid of all these shortcomings associated with conventional processes is emphasized. A new approach is demonstrated for an integrated wheat straw biorefinery using a green technology, high-pressure CO2–H2O, to produce oligosaccharides from hemicellulose fraction and to enhance the cellulose digestibility for the enzymatic hydrolysis. Over the range of reaction conditions (130, 215, 225 °C and 0 to 54 bar of CO2), CO2 adds value to the process by in situ formation of carbonic acid that leads to higher dissolution of hemicellulose into xylo-oligosaccharides and xylose and to the use of less energy in comparison with water-only technologies. Without an additional chemical catalyst, high-pressure CO2–H2O outperformed hydrothermal reactions and gave much higher total sugars yield for wheat straw (as high as 84% in comparison with 67.4% with auto-hydrolysis at a 10 °C higher temperature). Apart from the results obtained for valorisation of hemicellulose fraction, both chemical and physical effects of CO2 coupled to enzymatic hydrolysis resulted in a glucan conversion to glucose yield of 82%, which consists of 26% improvement over those obtained during auto-hydrolysis. The influence of the high pressure reaction on the processed solid was examined by spectroscopic methods (namely Scanning Electron Microscopy and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy). The obtained results suggest that the high pressure CO2-based method is a very promising alternative technology allowing integrated biomass processing within the biorefinery concept.

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Green Chemistry provides a unique forum for the publication of innovative research on the development of alternative green and sustainable technologies. The scope of Green Chemistry is based on, but not limited to, the definition proposed by Anastas and Warner (Green Chemistry: Theory and Practice, P T Anastas and J C Warner, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1998). Green chemistry is the utilisation of a set of principles that reduces or eliminates the use or generation of hazardous substances in the design, manufacture and application of chemical products. Green Chemistry is at the frontiers of this continuously-evolving interdisciplinary science and publishes research that attempts to reduce the environmental impact of the chemical enterprise by developing a technology base that is inherently non-toxic to living things and the environment. Submissions on all aspects of research relating to the endeavour are welcome. The journal publishes original and significant cutting-edge research that is likely to be of wide general appeal. To be published, work must present a significant advance in green chemistry. Papers must contain a comparison with existing methods and demonstrate advantages over those methods before publication can be considered. For more information please see this Editorial. Coverage includes the following, but is not limited to: Design (e.g. biomimicry, design for degradation/recycling/reduced toxicity…) Reagents & Feedstocks (e.g. renewables, CO2, solvents, auxiliary agents, waste utilization…) Synthesis (e.g. organic, inorganic, synthetic biology…) Catalysis (e.g. homogeneous, heterogeneous, enzyme, whole cell…) Process (e.g. process design, intensification, separations, recycling, efficiency…) Energy (e.g. renewable energy, fuels, photovoltaics, fuel cells, energy storage, energy carriers…) Applications (e.g. electronics, dyes, consumer products, coatings, pharmaceuticals, preservatives, building materials, chemicals for industry/agriculture/mining…) Impact (e.g. safety, metrics, LCA, sustainability, (eco)toxicology…) Green chemistry is, by definition, a continuously-evolving frontier. Therefore, the inclusion of a particular material or technology does not, of itself, guarantee that a paper is suitable for the journal. To be suitable, the novel advance should have the potential for reduced environmental impact relative to the state of the art. Green Chemistry does not normally deal with research associated with 'end-of-pipe' or remediation issues.

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