Structural rearrangements and reaction intermediates in a di-Mn water oxidation catalyst

By using first-principles molecular dynamics simulations combined with metadynamics to simulate rare events we analyse competing reaction coordinates for a di-Mn water oxidation catalyst ([(bis(imino)pyridine)(H2O)MnIV(μ-O)2MnV(O)(bis(imino)pyridine)]3+). The catalytic water oxidation cycle of the complex is examined by addressing the thermodynamic accessibility of the hydroperoxo species that is considered a critical and rate-limiting intermediate. To achieve this, hybrid quantum-mechanics/molecular-mechanics (QM/MM) and full QM simulations have been performed for an explicit treatment of the water environment that plays an active role in the reaction processes. Starting from a likely active species for the O–O bond formation, we observe that during the water approach to the oxo ligand a facile structural rearrangement of the complex takes place, leading to the opening of one μ-O bridge and the release of a water ligand, and resulting in two pentacoordinated Mn centers. This complex appears weakly active in the water oxidation process, since a concerted reaction is required to establish a Mn–OOH hydroperoxo intermediate. The slow kinetics of a concerted reaction can allow other processes, including linear degradation of the catalyst, to take precedence over catalytic water oxidation.