The role of calcium in membrane condensation and spontaneous curvature variations in model lipidic systems
Literature Information
Anan Yaghmur, Barbara Sartori, Michael Rappolt
In this study, the dynamical behaviour of calcium-induced disordered to well-ordered structural transitions has been investigated by time-resolved synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) in the milliseconds to seconds range. The in situ monitoring of the formed non-equilibrium self-assembled structures was achieved by the successful combination of synchrotron SAXS with stopped flow measurements. The effect of the rapid mixing of aqueous dispersions of dioleoylphosphatidyalglycerol (DOPG)/monoolein (MO) with low concentrations of Ca2+ ions is reported. Under static conditions and in the absence of Ca2+ ions, the evaluation of SAXS data for DOPG/MO aqueous dispersions prepared with three different DOPG/MO molar ratios indicates the formation of either a sponge-like L3 phase or uncorrelated bilayers. Clearly, the lipid composition plays a vital role in modulating the structural behaviour of these aqueous dispersions in the absence and also in the presence of Ca2+ ions. The rapid-mixing experiments revealed that the fast and strong interactions of Ca2+ ions with the negatively charged DOPG/MO membranes triggers the transformation from the L3 phase or the uncorrelated bilayers to the well-ordered dehydrated Lα phase or to inverted type bicontinuous cubic phases, V2, with either a symmetry of Pn3m or Im3m. Additionally, we recently reported (A. Yaghmur, P. Laggner, B. Sartori and M. Rappolt, PLoS ONE, 2008, 3, e2072) that low concentrations of Ca2+ ions trigger the formation of the inverted type hexagonal (H2) phase in DOPG/MO aqueous dispersions with a molar DOPG/MO ratio of 30/70. These are also temperature-sensitive structural transitions. Intriguingly, the strong association of Ca2+ ions with the negatively charged DOPG/MO membranes leads to fast re-organization of the two lipids and simultaneously induces fast tuning of the curvature.
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