How is 2-Chloro-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium (CAS: 7003-89-6) typically synthesized?

2-Chloro-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium is typically synthesized by reacting trimethylamine with chloroacetic acid. The reaction involves the substitution of hydroxyl group in trimethylamine with a chloroacetyl group to form the desired product. Commonly, this reaction is carried out in the presence of a suitable solvent, such as ethanol or acetonitrile, to enhance solubility and reaction rate. The yield is generally good, around 85-90%.