How is Propyl (9Z)-9-octadecenoate (CAS: 111-59-1) typically synthesized?

Propyl (9Z)-9-octadecenoate (CAS: 111-59-1) is typically synthesized via a reaction between propionic acid and 9-octadecenoic acid. The synthesis involves the use of a catalytic esterification process where an acidic catalyst (such as sulfuric acid) is employed to facilitate the conversion of the carboxylic acids into esters. The yield is usually high, and the product is purified by techniques such as distillation and recrystallization.