How is ent S-(+)-Atomoxetine Hydrochloride (CAS: 82857-39-4) typically synthesized?

ent S-(+)-Atomoxetine Hydrochloride is synthesized via a multistep process involving the use of chiral auxiliary, asymmetric synthesis, and hydrochloric acid. The key steps involve the formation of a chiral intermediate, followed by an enantioselective reduction and hydrochloride formation. The process yields a high enantiomeric excess and good overall yield, typically around 70-80%.