How is 4'-Methoxy-3-nitro-1,1'-biphenyl (CAS: 53059-31-7) typically synthesized?

4'-Methoxy-3-nitro-1,1'-biphenyl is typically synthesized via the nitration of 4'-methoxy-1,1'-biphenyl followed by purification. Commonly, this is achieved using nitric acid in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid as a catalyst. The reaction is usually carried out at low temperature to control the nitration selectivity. The yield is generally around 70-80%, and careful handling is required to avoid side products.