How is 2-Azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-3-carboxylic acid (CAS: 88260-06-4) typically synthesized?

2-Azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-3-carboxylic acid can be synthesized through a multi-step process that involves the ring-opening of a lactam, followed by acidification and cyclization. Commonly, this involves aminomethylcyclohexanone, which is subjected to ring-opening with a base, followed by cyclization and acidification. The reaction conditions and catalysts used typically include mild bases and acids, with yields ranging from 50-70% depending on the optimization of the process.