How is (R)-3-((((9H-Fluoren-9-yl)methoxy)carbonyl)amino)-3-(3-fluorophenyl)propanoic acid (CAS: 511272-51-8) typically synthesized?

(R)-3-((((9H-Fluoren-9-yl)methoxy)carbonyl)amino)-3-(3-fluorophenyl)propanoic acid can be synthesized through multistep processes, often involving protection of the amino group, coupling reactions, and subsequent deprotection. Commonly, the synthesis involves the use of fluoren-9-yl methanol and 3-fluorophenylacetic acid. The key steps include coupling with a coupling reagent like HATU in the presence of a base such as DIPEA, followed by purification and desalting to obtain the desired compound with high yield and selectivity.