How is 3-Chloro-2,2-bis(chloromethyl)propanoic acid (CAS: 17831-70-8) typically synthesized?

3-Chloro-2,2-bis(chloromethyl)propanoic acid is typically synthesized through a series of chlorination and acylation reactions. The process involves the chlorination of 2,2-bis(chloromethyl)propane followed by acylation with chloroacetyl chloride. The reaction is typically performed under anhydrous conditions to avoid side reactions. Yield and selectivity can be improved by using appropriate catalysts.