How is 1,2-Butanediol (CAS: 26171-83-5) typically synthesized?

1,2-Butanediol (CAS: 26171-83-5) is typically synthesized by the hydrogenation of maleic anhydride or succinic anhydride, catalyzed by a metal catalyst such as Raney nickel. Alternatively, it can be prepared by the hydrolysis of dibutyl ketone. The process yields a mixture of isomers, and selective hydrogenation is required to separate the desired 1,2-isomer from the 1,4-isomer. The yield can reach up to 90%.