How is 3,6,9,12,15-Pentaoxaheptadecane-1,17-diamine (CAS: 72236-26-1) typically synthesized?

3,6,9,12,15-Pentaoxaheptadecane-1,17-diamine can be synthesized via the Mannich reaction of a suitable aldehyde and ammonia, followed by reduction to form the diamine. Catalysts such as hydrogenated palladium on carbon can be used for the reduction step. The reaction yields high purity diamine, but careful control of reaction conditions is necessary to achieve high selectivity and yield.