How is 4,4,4-Trifluorobutanoic acid (CAS: 406-93-9) typically synthesized?

4,4,4-Trifluorobutanoic acid is typically synthesized via the reaction of trifluoroacetyl chloride with 1-butanol in the presence of a base like sodium hydride. The process involves the stepwise formation of an acetoxy derivative followed by hydrolysis to form the carboxylic acid. The yield can be up to 80%, with good selectivity towards the desired product.