How is Atomoxetine Impurity 19 (CAS: 18776-12-0) typically synthesized?

Atomoxetine Impurity 19 (CAS: 18776-12-0) is typically synthesized through a series of organic reactions involving functional group transformations and selective chemistry. Commonly, the synthesis involves protecting groups and acid-base reactions to achieve the desired impurity structure. The process often uses mild conditions and specific catalysts to ensure high yield and selectivity.