How is butyl 2-cyanoacetate (CAS: 5459-58-5) typically synthesized?

Butyl 2-cyanoacetate (CAS: 5459-58-5) is synthesized via a Grignard reaction or a cyanation process. The Grignard synthesis involves butyl bromide reacting with a cyanoacetate ion, often catalyzed by a suitable base. The cyanation process typically uses sodium cyanide in the presence of an alcohol like ethanol, followed by esterification with a carboxylic acid.